The Fourth Fundamental Trait of a Good Wine - Sweetness

There are four fundamental traits that comprise a good wine and they all have to work together in balanced harmony. Previously we’ve explored Acidity, Tannin, and Alcohol . Let’s now take a look at Sweetness.

Sweetness in wine comes from natural grape sugars leftover after the fermentation has stopped. Or, by starting with overly-ripe grapes that produce a grape must which is so sweet that the yeast ultimately fails to convert all of it to alcohol. Perceived sweetness can also come from the alcohol itself, the toasted oak barrels used during aging, and simply from wines that are low in acidity.

The sugar that remains in wine is referred to as “residual sugar,” or RS, and is measured in grams per Liter (g/L). Here are the sweetness categories of wines:

  • Bone Dry is 0-1 Grams/Liter (e.g., Brut Nature sparkling wines)

  • Dry is 0-10 g/L (e.g., most red, white and rosé wines fall in this category, as do Brut & Extra Dry sparkling wines)

  • Off-Dry is 10-35 g/L (e.g., Off-dry Riesling, Gewürztraminer, “Dry” sparkling wines)

  • Medium-Sweet is 35-120 g/l (e.g., Madeira, Port, Moscato, Sweet Riesling)

  • Sweet if the RS is greater than 120 g/L (e.g., Tawny Port, Late-Harvest wines, Cream Sherry)

    (Note: Coca-Cola has around 110 g/L)

In most wines, too much residual sugar results in a wine tasting sickly sweet. Conversely, if there’s absolutely no residual sugar, a wine may taste a bit harsh.

So, next time we’ll conclude this series by looking at how acidity, tannin, alcohol and sweetness must all be in balance in a really good wine. Until then, Cheers!

The Third Fundamental Trait of a Good Wine - Alcohol

As we continue through the four fundamental traits of a good wine, let’s now move on to alcohol.

Wine is simply fermented grape juice. Alcohol is a byproduct of the fermentation process where yeast converts the sugar in the grape juice (the must) to alcohol. The yeast will continue feeding on the sugar until the juice is fermented to dryness, which means all the available sugar has been turned into alcohol. The level of sugar in the must determines the maximum alcohol content of the wine can achieve. But, a wine maker may choose to cut short the fermentation process such that residual sugar remains in the wine (i.e., a ‘sweeter’ wine).

While the average wine contains around 11%-13% alcohol by volume (ABV), wines can have as little as 6% or as much as 20%.

Everyone tastes alcohol differently. To some, alcohol may have no taste. Others describe the alcohol in wine as having bitter, sweet, spicy and oily tastes, and sometimes all of these are perceived simultaneously. Higher alcohol wines tend to taste bolder and sometimes oilier, while lower-alcohol wines feel lighter. However, it’s most common that alcohol yields a warming sensation at the back of the mouth and throat.

Alcohol content affects a wine’s body. A wine with higher alcohol content will have a fuller, richer mouthfeel, while a lower alcohol wine will taste lighter and more delicate on the palate.

So, that just a quick look at the role of alcohol in wine. We’ve now covered three of for fundamental traits of a good wine: Acidity, Tannin and Alcohol. Next time we’ll conclude with a look at a wine’s sugar content. Cheers!