All 50 U.S states produce wine to some extent, but approximately 95 percent of it comes from just four of them. California produces most of the US wine, producing nearly five times more than the combined total of Washington, Oregon and New York. The remaining 5 percent of wines are produced in other states, such as Texas and Virginia, where production is mostly for local consumption rather than national or international markets.
The United States is comprised of American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) that are geographical grape-growing areas established and controlled by the Alcohol and Tobacco, Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB). In order for a wine to use an appellation on its label, at least 85 percent of the grapes used to make the wine must have been grown in the specified district.
Regional identity is denoted by the country’s more than 200 officially demarcated AVAs. Although these are similar to European-style appellations, AVA titles are less restrictive, and indicate only the region of origin for the grapes.
AVAs vary in size from one quarter of a square mile to almost 30,000 square miles (77,700 square kilometers).
More than half of the US AVAs are located in California.
AVAs as Defined by the Alcohol & Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
Arizona
Sonoita
Arkansas
Altus
Arkansas Mountains
Ozark Mountain
California
California is the largest wine region in the U.S. with more than 130 AVAs spanning the state from North to South. With more than 200 years of grape growing history, dating back to the 18th century, European settlers and missionaries brought wine producing grapes to California. But it wasn't until the 1970's that the wines gained international recognition. Since then, there has been massive growth of wine production through out the state. California produces more than 90% of American wines.
Colorado
Grand Valley
West Elks
Connecticut
Southeastern New England
Western Connecticut Highlands
Georgia
Upper Hiwassee Highlands
Idaho
Idaho may not be on everyone’s wine map, but it’s actually one of the country’s fastest growing states and just might become a notable wine region. Today, there are 65 wineries in Idaho located across three AVAs. The state’s top grapes include Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Malbec, Merlot, Riesling, Syrah, Tempranillo and Viognier.
Eagle Foothills
Lewis-Clark Valley
Snake River Valley - This is an 8000 square mile AVA!
Illinois
Shawnee Hills
Upper Mississippi River Valley
Indiana
Indiana Uplands
Ohio River Valley
Iowa
Upper Mississippi River Valley
Kentucky
Ohio River Valley
Louisiana
Mississippi Delta
Maine
While having less than 100 acres planted, Maine in on the wine map with more than 30 wineries. With an annual average temperature of just over 45 degrees F, along with the harsh winters, makes wine making difficult in Maine, but hybrid grapes, such as Marquette, Frontenac and Cayuga are helping their efforts. Other common grapes include Marechal Foch, Léon Millot, Corot Noir, Frontenac Gris, St. Croix, La Crosse and St. Pepin. There are currently no designated AVAs in Maine.
Maryland
Catoctin
Cumberland Valley
Linganore
Massachusetts
Martha's Vineyards
Southeastern New England
Michigan
Michigan in the second most agriculturally diverse state in the U.S., so it shouldn’t be a surprise they grow grapes. With five AVAs and nearly 150 wineries, the Michigan’s vineyard area has doubled over the past decade. Top grapes include Cabernet Franc, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir and Riesling. Most of the highest quality grapes are being grown within 25 miles of Lake Michigan.
Fernville - Established in 1981, this was Michigan’s 1st AVA
Lake Michigan Shore - Located in south-west Michigan, this AVA produces ~40% of the state’s wine.
Lelanau Peninsula - This was Michigan’s second AVA which is located in the north-western peninsula of Lake Michigan
Old Mission Peninsula - This tiny AVA is also located in the northern part of the state on a small peninsula of Lake Michigan
Tipp of the Mitt - The northern-most AVA located between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron
Minnesota
Alexandria Lakes
Upper Mississippi River Valley
Mississippi
Mississippi Delta
Missouri
Augusta
Hermann
Ozark Highlands
Ozark Mountain
New Hampshire
Modern viticulture really started in New Hampshire in the 1980s and 1990s. While there are currently no official AVAs in New Hampshire, there are aromatic white wines of note. Among the approximately 30 wineries you’ll find Riesling, along with lesser-known grapes like Cayuga White, De Chaunac, Marechal Foch, Seyval Blanc and La Crescent.
New Jersey
It shouldn’t be surprising that the Garden State grows grapes and produces wines. The Renault Winery was the first commercial vineyard that was established in 1864 and is still open. The state's most important grapes include Blaufränkisch, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chambourcin, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Riesling and Syrah.
Cape May Peninsula - Established in May 2018, this AVA lies entirely within the Outer Coastal Plain viticultural area.
Central Delaware Valley - A shared AVA with Pennsylvania
Outer Coastal Plain
Warren Hills
New Mexico
The first vineyards were planted in New Mexico in 1629. Today there is almost 1 million cases of wine produced in the three AVAs. Elevations range from 400 feet to more than 6000 feet. These higher elevations along with their sandy soils that provide excellent drainage leads to some very nice wine. Grapes of note include Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Franc and Syrah.
Mesilla Valley - A shared AVA with Texas
Middle Rio Grande Valley
Mimbres Valley
New York
New York is home to the oldest winery in the U.S., dating back to 1839. Prohibition in the U.S. from 1919 to 1933 nearly eliminated New York's wine producers. In 1975 there were only 19 remaining wineries; the wine industry was nearly gone. But in a strong revival, the state has grown to currently having more than 400 wineries, along with 9 AVAs.
North Carolina
With intense summer heat and cool Atlantic Ocean breezes, North Carolina is able to grow varieties that include Cabernet Sauvignon, Sangiovese, Syrah, Tempranillo, Albariño and Viognier. Declines in the tobacco market has lead many farmers to switch to grapes where there are now five AVAs, many being located in the rolling hills and mountains.
Appalachian High Country
Haw River Valley
Swan Creek
Upper Hiwassee Highlands
Yadkin Valley - The state’s first AVA
Ohio
In the mid-1800s, Ohio was at the center of the U.S. wine industry with the Catawba grape being used to make sparkling wine. Today, Ohio is actually the U.S.’s sixth largest wine producer! Their top grapes include Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Riesling, Vidal Blanc, Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Marquettte, Catawba, Concord and Niagara.
Grand River Valley
Isle St. George
Lake Erie
Loramie Creek
Ohio River Valley
Oklahoma
Ozark Mountain
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Central Delaware Valley - A shared AVA with New Jersey
Cumberland Valley
Lake Erie
Lancaster Valley
Lehigh Valley
Rhode Island
Southeastern New England
Texas
While everything is usually bigger in Texas, they actually produce some lighter wines. In the 1600s, Texas began growing grapes. Today, the northwestern part of the state is growing the majority of the grapes in the Texas High Plains AVA which is just one of their eight AVAs. The top grapes being grown in Texas include Albariño, Cabernet Sauvignon, Mourvèdre, Tempranillo, Vermentino and Viognier.
Bell Mountain - At just five square miles, Bell Mountain is a small region that sits entirely within the Texas Hill Country AVA. The region sits on the Llano Uplift, the highest elevation between the cities of Fredericksburg and Llano.
Escondido Valley - This AVA is a desert with buttes throughout. It encompasses 32,000 acres in the state’s western portion, known as the Trans-Pecos region. The valley sits at about 2,700 feet.
Fredericksburg in the Texas Hill Country - Comprising approximately 110 square miles, the Fredricksburg AVA became official in 1988. It sits entirely within the larger Hill Country AVA and is home to over 100 wineries among sprawling green landscapes and sloping hills.
Mesilla Valley - The Mesilla Valley AVA, split between New Mexico and Texas, runs along the Rio Grande River and was established in 1985. It sits at approximately 3,500 feet above sea level and is surrounded by the Organ Mountains to the west and the Rio Grande.
Texas Davis Mountains - Established in 1998 and sitting at about 5,400 feet above sea level, this high desert can reach temperatures above 95°F (35°C) during the day and drop to below 40°F (4°C) at night in the peak of summer. Inside this small AVA, there are only four vineyards with a total planting of 43.5 acres, and at this time, only one winery.
Texas High Plains - The region sits between 3,000 and 4,000 feet and experiences wide diurnal shifts. In summer, there can be a 30° temperature difference between day and night. The Texas High Plain soil is rust red from its iron composition and consists of sandy loam over caliche and eolian sand.This AVA grows more than 80% of the state’s wine grapes. Its soils tend to be more sandy and its elevations vary from 3000 to 4000 feet.
Texas Hill Country - With over 9 million acres, this is one of the largest AVAs in the U.S. with elevations between 800 and 2,800 feet. It is located in south-central Texas and forms the southeast portion of the Edwards Plateau.
Texoma - The Texoma AVA – about 3,600 square miles – although large in area, is home to only 65 acres of vines.
Virginia
Virginia has eight distinct AVAs, spanning from Chesapeake Bay to the Blue Ridge Mountains:
North Fork of Roanoke
Rocky Knob
Monticello
Northern Neck George Washington Birthplace
Virginia’s Eastern Shore
Virginia Peninsula
Middleburg Virginia
Shenandoah Valley
Washington State
West Virginia
Kabawha River Valley
Ohio River Valley
Shenandoah Valley
Wisconsin
Lake Wisconsin
Upper Mississippi River Valley
Wisconsin Ledge