Photo by Vindemia Winery on Unsplash
As previously mentioned, wine making is a blend of art and science. Another aspect that is often regarded as an art form is choosing the right time to harvest the grapes.
The art of determining when to harvest wine grapes is a crucial skill in winemaking, as it directly impacts the quality and style of the wine.
Here's a quick summary of the factors that winemakers must include when deciding when to harvest:
Sugar Levels (Brix) - Winemakers will use technology to monitor the sugar levels of the grapes but have to decide when the best time is for harvesting.
Acidity - As grapes ripen, their acidity generally decreases, so winemakers must find a balance between the grapes’ sugar and acidity.
Tannins and Phenolics (in Red Wines) - As grapes ripen, tannins change. In the early stages of ripening, tannins may be bitter, but as the grape ripens, they will soften and become smoother.
Flavors and Aromas - Winemakers will actually taste the grapes during ripening to monitor the development of flavors and to determine when the fruit has reached the desired complexity.
Weather Conditions - Winemakers must be prepared for the possibility of unexpected rainfall or heatwaves, which can affect the quality of the grapes. And, generally speaking, harvest has to happen at the lowest temperatures (e.g., night time) in order to keep the grapes fresh during transport from the vineyard to the winery.
So, harvesting is a decision that involves a blend of science and art. By monitoring sugar levels, acidity, tannins, weather conditions, and the sensory characteristics of the fruit, a skilled winemaker can determine the perfect time to harvest, ensuring that the resulting wine reflects the desired balance and quality. Cheers!